![]() ![]() You will receive an error message that ‘ cannot open /etc/passwd‘, while creating a new system user. Set immutable attribute on /etc/shadow, or files /etc/passwd. How to /etc/shadow files and Secure /etc/passwd Using ‘ lsattr‘ command, verify the immutable file status. ![]() The following is an example to unset attribute or reset permissions test]# chattr -i folder/ nf test]# chmod 755 nfĬhmod: changing permissions of ‘ nf’ : Operation not permitted Mv: cannot move ‘ folder/’ to ‘ folder1’ : Operation not permitted Rm: cannot remove ‘ folder/’ : Operation not permitted Using the command ‘ lsattr‘ verify the attribute. The superuser only can have the authority to set the immutable bit +i. Utilize the " + " sign for setting up an attribute, and " &ndash " sign along with the chattr command.įor preventing anyone from deleting a file, set immutable bit with +i flags on the files. Using ‘ ls -l‘ command, verify whether the existing files have any attributes set. Keep the existing attributes of the files.Īddition of attributes on files from deletion Inserts the attribute to the existing attribute of the files. When a file is changed with ‘ S‘ attribute set, updated modifications take place synchronously on the disk.ĭeletes the attribute to the existing attribute of the files. When a file containing ‘ u‘ attribute is deleted, its information' s are saved, which let the user to ask for its deletion.Ī file containing the ‘ j‘ attribute is set, where all of its datas are updated to the ext3 journal. ![]()
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